  
                      Bright Venus. Credit & Copyright: Thad K. V'Soske  | 
                      | 
                  
                
                I believe in the future, I may live in my car 
                My radio tuned to the voice of a star
                -- Paul Simon
                
              SINCE IT'S POSSIBLE for horoscope columns to be effective without astrology      itself working, we can look a little deeper into what makes this so. I suggest      we don't need to look too far: it is writing that makes horoscopes work and      indeed exist at all, and it is the voice of the writer that for the most part      makes writing work. Or not, of course.
                  
                Contact between a writer and a reader is intimate, perhaps more so than touch.      Encountering a piece of writing, a reader surrenders his or her own inner mental      environment to the stream of thoughts presented by the writer. 
                
                With this stream      comes a sense of the writer's presence, a quality of tone, imagery, and the      ideas themselves. In effect, the writer temporarily inhabits the reader's conscious      mind, as well as several levels of unconscious experience, such as subtle emotions      and physical response to what is encountered. There is also a psychic level. A clear writer and a receptive reader are connected energetically with a bond that goes far beyond the words on the page.
                
                Once data enters the brain, say neurologists, it never really leaves. What      we see or learn may reside latently, never to be remembered again; or it      may stay readily accessible; or it may reside as an "unconscious influence";      but what we see, hear, feel and read collects within us. And at times, it      can do so quite distinctively. A writer with a strong voice can become an      influential      presence in a reader's life, particularly if a relationship is developed      over long period of time. We've all had this experience. A fiction writer      can create      a whole world to which we are privy. A good nonfiction writer can explain      a complex technical issue in a way that feels approachable, and in the process      helps a reader meet the subject on their own. We take what we learn from      the      book, but we also take the writer's approach, and often, their voice.
                
                Self-help writers can convey the feeling that they understand your problems,      and in the process, that sense of understanding can be conveyed to the reader      as a quality of self-understanding that may be accessible all the time. This,      too, is a phenomenon of voice. How a writer addresses a reader shows them a      potential way they may address themselves, and setting an example is a powerful      way to teach.                
                
            A similar phenomenon exists when therapy works well. With an understanding,      trusted therapist, their voice begins to replace the harsh, judgmental voices      of parents, teachers and others who may have taught us to be self-critical      or self-defeating. As children, we heard these damaging voices, and often      learned to speak to ourselves in this way. Whether children believe what      they are told about themselves or not, the quality of an authoritative adult's      voice becomes an active inner experience that can dominate their personality      on the most private levels.
                  
                After a period of time, a therapist's voice, interacted with and listened        to carefully week after week, can become a readily accessible means of        processing a new problem or experience outside the therapy room. But it's        not just a voice; often it's a kind of adopted sub-personality. We learned        to do this from having the relationship, which involves taking on some        of who the therapist is -- their wisdom as well as something about them        personally. Like ego is itself a kind of fictional entity, this fictional        inner therapist can help us transcend, or exist as an alternative to, deeply        negative influences until we begin to encounter a true inner voice of Self.
                
                This transference may be the only teaching there really is, and it may        be the one factor inherent in all forms of human contact. What we are teaching        transcends the subject matter and almost always goes to the level of existence.        In this way, an oboe teacher can become an important mentor; a housekeeper        can become a trusted advisor; a cab driver can show up as an incarnation        of God, which is the story of the Bhagavad Gita (Lord Krisna is really        a chariot driver, but you get the idea).
                
                Something similar sometimes happens when we follow horoscope columns. That        is, the voice we encounter on the pages of the newspaper or on the Internet        can speak to us in other times and places where no writer has written anything.        The voice of the writer, listened to every day or every week, can become        an inner experience with a life of its own.
                
                Yet horoscopes hold a special place for many readers because the writer        is allegedly speaking on behalf of the heavens. So the astrologer's voice        becomes, in a sense, the voice of the heavens, or one such voice. In this        particular respect, astrology transcends psychology and all forms of conventional        reason; people approach astrology with an entirely different point of view        than most other subjects. This viewpoint embraces their relationship with        the total cosmos, which is what Saturn, Xena and the Galactic Core have        to do with them personally, as individuals with needs and desires. And        it is astrologers who give that personal meaning its personal message.
                
                Even if this is a total illusion, that is, if astrology is pure bunk and        all the glyphs, symbols and patterns that astrologers work with are "meaningless," the        reader often makes this presumption, and as a result, an astrology writer        holds a lot of symbolic power from the outset. Astrology writers, and counseling        astrologers, are sought out for this purpose -- you might call it the cosmic        perspective -- and when what they say is confirmed by events, dreams, or        the reader's inner thought process, the effect is enhanced greatly.
                
                Very few people get away with quite this. Some ministers do, but their        insistence that they actually they speak for God, who allegedly has subjective        opinions and judgments about people, has a way of belying itself, often        laughably. The doctor who can tell you whether you're going to live or        die, and have you believe it, is expected by a cultural standard to be        omniscient, malpractice litigation aside. Astrologers are doing something        a little subtler. We profess to speak on behalf of seemingly impersonal        planetary bodies, whose messages we convey in a distinctly personal way.        Somehow we get from a huge ball of gas with rings orbiting the Sun moving        one-half of a degree, to the statement, "You..."
                
                Then, the whole process is cloaked in a kind of game, put next to the crossword        puzzle.
                
                Game or not, astrologers are often speaking into a deep existential vacuum        -- that is, a longing for meaning and information -- and the potential        ethical issues here are monstrous. There are few people who do not feel        overwhelmed by life, cheated by life or who are not in some way struggling.        We live in genuinely overwhelming times, and are all expected to give so        much of ourselves. To say that most people lack a cohesive, workable philosophy        of life is an understatement. Under these circumstances, those whom we        seek out for information, ideas, advice or answers can have a lot of power,        especially if they are presumed to be getting their information from the        celestial sphere.
                
                Hopefully, the astrologer's personal philosophy of life has considered        the implications of what they do with the power they have. Hopefully they        walk their talk, and mean what they say, and learn from their mistakes.        Hopefully they won't go too far just to get rich.
                
                Perhaps the best astrologer you can hope for is one who has not had too        easy of a life, who recognizes this fact, and who consciously remembers        what pain is -- but who is not attached to it. Such an astrologer has made        some progress solving their problems. An astrologer needs to be optimistic,        that is, they need to be adept at making the most of life, and of conveying        this strategy to their readers or clients. But it's important not to causally        make promises they can't necessarily keep. Essentially, astrologers need        to be able to relate to people and what they go through, consciously working        with the idea that a better life, or a better response to life, is possible.
                
                When it's all done, the message comes across in a voice that a reader is        gradually going to take, or and even take on, as with so many voices before;        but due to the fact of astrology, its cosmic metaphors, all its odd synchronicities        and seemingly impossible personal insights, there is a quality of being "from        beyond this world" that astrology can often have.
                
                As I am writing, one of my clients just emailed to me: "I don't feel        inspiring. I feel exhausted and deeply emotionally tired. I spend a lot        of time working on that inner voice to change and reshape its message to        one that is positive, productive and peaceful." How we may accomplish this has to do with listening to the messages we habitually      send ourselves. Are they self-critical? Do we tell ourselves that what we're      working toward is possible? Do we tell ourselves that we're worthy of love?      Do we tell ourselves that our contribution to life counts for something?      Do we recognize ourselves as autonomous people? Do we feel that our problems      have solutions? Do we give ourselves a break?
                
                Your astrologer had better be dedicated to sending you positive messages        about yourself, and be the one committed to holding the faith that you        really can make your life better. If not, what exactly are they doing?        We all have an inner capacity for faith, and an inner capacity for fear.        Which is an astrologer going to feed?
                
                Or we might put it this way: what are the limits on what an astrologer        thinks is possible? Is he or she familiar with win-win situations? Has        the person had a good orgasm lately?
                
                
                
2. Examples of the Cosmic Voice
              
          Writing astrology is a surprisingly inventive process, leaving just about      complete latitude for anything a writer wants to say, and any way they want      to say it. Basically, as long as you make a vague shred of sense and some      people come back tomorrow, you can say whatever you like. 
                  
                Sportscasters don't get this much berth. They have to follow the rules        of the game, and they can't decide if one side wins or loses. But an astrologer        can decide if you win or lose, even if they are dreaming the whole thing        up and you fall for it. Because of this nearly total freedom, what a horoscope        writer is really doing is standing as a kind of intermediary between fate        and free will.
                
                The aspects are indeed written in the stars. On any given day, this is        the indelible factor that all astrologers work with. What the astrologer        does is help you understand, interpret and deal with the situation they        see. And in this, they are merely assisted by what their astrological charts        say.
                
                Astrologers bring to our writing our entire worldview, our personal values,        our psychological history, our personal baggage, and most of all, our spiritual        process: that is, our way of coexisting with existence itself, and their        idea of what they think a person is. Yes, we bring our astrological training,        but that always contains a lot of values and ideas and the definition of        a person, whether stated or not.
                
                And we show up with who we think WE are: with our ideas about ourselves.        Does the astrologer you're reading think they're the most educated person        since T.S. Eliot? Do they fancy themselves a great philosopher, psychologist        or author? Do they take the 'humble scribe of the stars' posture? Are they        here to entertain, inform, or question? Do they think women are people,        or that men have feelings? Did they figure out they can make easy money        doing the work?
                
                Astrologers also show up with their negotiating skills and problem solving        abilities, to the extent that they have any. That's because every chart        and every day's aspects present something that at least needs to be interpreted        or negotiated, or at worst a problem that needs to be solved.
                
                Once again, these questions hold even if what's written in the ephemeris        or shown in the charts is inherently meaningless; an astrologer is going        to look there, and see something, and they will attempt to explain, apply        or resolve it in some way. Or at least the responsible columnists will.        We've all run into those columns where the writer presents a problem and        either predicts a difficult or unfortunate outcome, or fails to present        a solution. Maybe they don't see a solution, or maybe they want you to        come back tomorrow and see if you offer one then.                
                
            I have long maintained that astrology needs to put its best practitioners      into the newspapers and magazines, because that's where most people go for      their astrology, and where most people hear about astrology. Though some "serious,      proper" astrologers poo-poo Sun-sign columns, claiming it is not really      possible to do what we profess to do, in actual fact, these columns are written      and they are read. And there is no argument against the Sun sign column that      cannot be used against astrology itself. So the profession might want to      give up and if people want to specialize in King Henry VIII, the NASA missions      or the Beatles, that's their prerogative; and leave the Sun sign columns      to the people who can handle them, and who love to do it.
                  
                On that note, let's take a look around the Internet today and see what        turns up as the Cosmic Voice for Reason. This article was written on 
Tuesday,        August 30, 2005, so I've used columns and aspects from this day.
                
                Here is a basic statement of the day's aspects, which have emphasis on        Pisces because all three planets associated with that sign -- Venus, Jupiter        and Neptune) are involved. Venus has just crossed the South Node in Libra,        and is exactly trine Neptune, the ruling planet of Pisces. It's about to        make a conjunction to Jupiter in Libra, another ruling planet of Pisces.        This is in the 8th solar house of Pisces, an important relationship house,        but one particularly associated with financial and sexual relationships        and commitments. The Moon is in Cancer, and made squares to Venus and Jupiter.        The Moon also makes a quincunx to Pluto, said by most astrologers to be        an aspect of adjustment. The Sun in Virgo (another relationship house for        Pisces) is opposite Uranus in Pisces.                
                
            So let's look at some Pisces horoscopes from the current time frame, starting      with several daily ones from today, and looking at weeklies last.
                  
                First, Mystic Meg, the astrologer that "serious astrologers" love        to hate. I find her to be dependably on point, touching on themes that        I might even be thinking of the moment I open the newspaper. She used to        give advice about what to have for dinner, which was good because it reminded        Londoners to eat better. Let's listen to her voice and see what we learn        from her.
                
    Pisces, Tuesday, August 30 by Mystic Meg
"Your planet Neptune fine-tunes your intuition so you know just what to        say to get love back on track. You find a new, gentle way to boost health        that is good for you and a relative. A favour done for a friend will be        repaid in a generous way -- and can have a work link."
  
  We can be assured from her tone that things will work out; Mystic Meg is        on the case. The Cosmic Voice ala Meg speaks diretly to you, and is an        advocate for equanimity; mentioning Neptune is good for credibility, and        she even leaves out the word "ruling."She seems to know that        a lot of Pisces live one-way trips and is quietly advising them to get        off the sacrifice thing, which is a way of conveying empathy. She points        her readers toward their intuition, which is usually a good idea, unless        there are aspects that suggest there might be some interference. 
  
  Pisces, Tuesday, August 30 by Alison Moroney
"Pisceans tend to be swept away upon a wave of destiny during August 30 to      September 1, but also have the opportunity to take advantage of the current      favourable tides, especially in the domain of career."
  
  Alison is taking the weather report approach; take advantage of the  favorable tides now, while they last, because things could turn soon.  I've never read her during "unfavorable tides" so I have no idea how  she would handle them. Alison wins an award for imagery; she was the  only writer of the many I reviewed who accurately described what was  happening at this point, which is that Hurricane Katrina was certainly  sweeping things into a rather large wave of destiny. 
  
    Pisces, Tuesday, August 30 by Jacqueline Bigar
"A loved one or a child inspires you. Still, you find that your dream world      could easily take over. A boss or authority figure demands your attention.      A discussion about funds and some basic issues is key. Tonight: Now let your      imagination rock and roll."
  
                The Cosmic Consciousness here feels we need to be content with the basic      facts, in outline form. She no longer gives the days ratings with little      stars any more. It was a real drag to be having a horrible day only to find      out that was five stars -- no room for improvement.
                
    Pisces, Tuesday. August 30 by Jade Wise
"It's a dandy idea to regularly schedule time to put your feet up and    appreciate all the wondrous things that abound in your life, from the very    smallest      joys (caramel-covered apples and multicolored Post-It notes) to the largest      (friends, family and nature). So even though you have tons of bubbling energy      to spare, give yourself permission to do not a darned thing with it except      enjoy the life you have."
  
  The Cosmos in has heard of candy apples and Post-It notes, which helps us      relate to the vast, impersonal astral forces operating in our lives. Most      important, It knows that we're a very stressed out society, and that even      Pisces need to chill a little and not be so competitive (Jade is writing      about the Venus-Neptune trine, which has an easy feeling to it, and the Sun-Moon      trine in Pisces charts that day). This falls into the "on the seventh      day God rested" genre of messages. With the Virgo Sun about to oppose      Uranus, I hope the forecast is a little livelier tomorrow. 
  
  Pisces, Tuesday, August 30 by Jonathan Cainer
"The impossible is always tricky. Once it has been accomplished, people      are full of logic. 'This is how it happened...' they say, in a tone of voice      which implies that they were always expecting such an outcome. When, though,      someone dares to admit that they really do not know how they managed to make      something occur, they are looked at disdainfully, rather as they are when      they announce their intention to try something that most people think of      as hopeless. You had best decide what you want today; an explanation -- or      a result."
  
  Jonathan, a Sagittarian, lacks the debilitating phobia for ideas that so      deeply troubles humanity these days. The Cosmic Voice via Jonathan approaches      life as if philosophical contemplation while riding the Tube were totally      natural for a Daily Mail reader (it might be, these days). And he is not      fooled by "consensus reality" -- that which everyone else believes,      which is presumed to be true, and which is often ridiculous. Essentially,      Jonathan's Cosmic Voice gives his readers permission to be nonconformist.      In this entry, he works with the theme of not knowing how something works      or whether it will work out (several other writers address this, contained      in the Sun-Uranus opposition), and he sends out notice that people are often      not so smart as they portray themselves; he is a skeptic, in your favor.      Finally, he does something quite responsible for an astrology writer, which      is ask his readers to make a decision about what they want, presenting two      rather interesting choices. Free will still exists. 
  
  Pisces, Tuesday, August 30 by Sally Brompton
"Some people complain that you lack self-discipline and they may be      right, but what you lack in strength of will you more than make up for in      creativity.      And with Neptune, your ruler, in fine form today, you are sure to come up      with something that shuts up your critics. You are and always will be a free      spirit. You don't need self-discipline."
  
  Sally is good at the take no prisoners approach to the astrology column.      She's probably pretty sharp at billiards, too. Her astrology seems to be      driven by her Libran passion for justice; one gets the impression that unless      you're treated fairly, she's personally going to get on an airplane and kick      your boss's butt. She addresses "you" rather than "Pisceans" in      general; horoscope columns are always about you, even if 19 million other      people are reading, but somehow she says this with authority unusual for      other writers. Sally is not flowery or circumspect, but rather uses her space      to deliver a clear, succinct message that you don't have to mull over during      lunch to understand. The Cosmic Voice of reason wants to tie up the loose ends and make sure you remember exactly what she said, and not forget it, either. 
  
  
Pisces, week of Aug 25 by Rob Brezsny
"You don't need to know how your computer and car work in order to      use them. Their inner workings may be unfathomable, but that doesn't matter      as      long      as you benefit from what they do for you. Let's apply that same principle      to a certain relationship that is perplexing you. You obviously get something      out of your alliance with this person, since you've chosen not to leave it.      Yet you seem bothered by the fact that you can't figure out what you are      to each other and where you're supposed to go next. My advice? For now, stop      trying to understand it. Just surrender to the fruitful mystery. Simply let      your connection perform its enigmatic magic."
  
  Perhaps the most influential horoscope column ever to come out of the United      States, Rob takes an entirely natural approach to his columns, that is, fortunately,      catching on. Rob's is the only column among those I've selected to use the      word "advice," though all are offering it; so he admits to being      a kind of Cosmic Advisor/Friend who really gets how complex life and relationships      are. He does something fancy, which is to address one specific relationship      with some certainty, and leaves out the kitchen sink of other affairs and      issues. This is a voice you can get to know, and take with you, which quite      a few people do every week, in every corner of the United States. He is good      at giving the impression that he knows you, and that he's your personal astrologer      -- which he considers himself, actually. 
  
  Pisces, week of Aug 25 by Yasmin Boland
"No matter if you're married or single, you still have big ideas about what      would be nice where sex is concerned. And there's no doubt that your expectations      sometimes go into overdrive. That then leads to either the best romp you've      had in ages...or to a big disappointment as you realize that not everyone      shares your fabulously Hollywood ideas about what's possible in the romance      department. So what does one do, if let down in lust? Firstly, whatever you      do, don't look back. Secondly, try to maintain balance and decorum, waiting      for circumstances to change. Not an easy thing to do when you're aching with      desire, but certainly worth having a go at this week. Wink wink."
  
                It's always reassuring when the Cosmic Consciousness wants you to improve      your sex life, particularly soon, especially if you're a Pisces. I was reading      all these horoscopes, with the approaching Venus-Jupiter conjunction in Libra      -- and noticed that nobody, not even me, wrote about sex. Fortunately, I      emailed Yasmin and asked for her Pisces horoscope and there it was. Here,      the Cosmic Voice of reason is telling you that you're okay; your desires      are okay; and that consequently, that being a woman is okay -- this column      runs in a women's magazine. The Cosmic Voice seems rather down to Earth and      practical here, and a good friend.                
                
                
Pisces, week of Aug. 26 by Eric Francis
"As a former guilt-riddled Pisces, I can empathize with how difficult the      feeling of deserving anything really is. Pisces' usual trip of 'wanting it      all' is just a thin cover for feeling like nothing is really yours. All you      need to do to disprove this whole philosophy is to place yourself in a position      to receive, and where you will approve of yourself for doing so. I remind      you that by your gain, nobody loses. I remind you of all the times in the      past when a slight revision of your state of mind, or shift in viewpoint,      made an enormous difference, and the natural abundance of life rained down      on you. Such is the story of your life now -- if you say so."
  
  Today or this week, I'm the only one dipping into first person, that is,      speaking with I statements in the horoscope. This is the, "What if the      Cosmic Voice were one of us?" approach to the work. I think that personal      experience is fair territory in an astrology column, though too much would      get a little boring. No matter what, though, my approach is to speak in a      natural voice, as close to a phone call or email as possible. For me, part      of the need to use I statements is to take personal responsibility for what      I am saying, and to keep myself and my readers grounded in the fact that      I am speaking both from astrology and from my own values.
  
    Patric Walker (1931-1995) 
    
    No discussion of voice in the horoscope column would be complete without      inviting Patric Walker into the conversation. While I was in Woodstock in      May, a very excited client arrived with a pile of musty magazines she had      in her basement, which she had saved to preserve some of Patric's columns.      I took copies of the columns back with me and actually managed to find them      yesterday for this article (right where they belonged). Just now, I went      down for coffee and read through them, getting a little teary eyed. 
                    
                  The stack of columns was wrapped in a copy of the 
New York Post's daily        from Jan. 7, 1993 (my only sample of his daily column that I have here).        The column is quite literally stuffed between Wonderword, Scrabble and        the comics; no little symbols for the signs; no picture -- in the original 
Post layout that reminded me of the first time I ever felt astrology actually        work.
                  
"Maybe you now realize that one particular association is not quite so restricting        as it seemed," he said. "Indeed, you may even have come to rely        upon that person's practicality and steadying influence to see you through        what has been an unsettling period in your affairs."
  
                  Patric had a great way of speaking directly to people, and one of the ways        he did that was to slip into the day's horoscope in what seemed like mid-conversation.        He presumes that you know that he knows what he's talking about; he does        not hesitate. He also understood relationships. 
                  
                  This little write-up reminds me of the 
Course in Miracles lesson, "There        is another way of looking at the world." He is encouraging his readers        to take another view of life, to reinterpret something. He is not predicting        and he's not advising; he's saying look at your situation.
                  
                  He handles Sagittarius rather differently that day -- solidly like a predictive        astrologer.
                  
"Although events which occurred around the time of the solar eclipse on        Christmas Eve brought certain misunderstandings out into the open, there        is still some resentment behind the scenes about the way things were handled,        so expect Friday's lunar eclipse to resolve the matter once and for all."
  
                  He is writing about eclipses in the Sagittarius region, so he seems to        be working more on the frequency of what is fated; that is how eclipses        feel. He makes a lot of presumptions about what is happening in his reader's        lives, but the odd part was he basically had it right just about every        time. This was so consistent that when his column felt like it was off,        it was a good idea to check what you were missing that he knew about.
                  
                  One last from that day, Libra. "Differences of opinion on the work        front continue to dog your footsteps, and the approaching full moon on        Friday in that area of your solar chart concerned exclusively with career        matters indicates harsh words may have to be said before the way forward        is finally clear."
                  
                  Patric liked to start with a concrete statement of what was happening in        the present, and then move one or two steps ahead. 
                  
                  Let's go back a few years, to his column in 
European Travel & Life from September 1990. This is the Pisces entry.
                  
"Each and every September, the Sun is situated in your opposite sign of        Virgo and as far away as it can possibly be from the position it occupied        at the moment of your birth. Therefore, this is frequently a time when        your energies flag and you tend to become embroiled in conflicts or arguments        with partners or close companions. Currently, however, you really do appear        to be coping with some kind of estrangement, alienation, or separation.        But the Full Moon on the 5th will shed fresh light on these difficulties        and will enable you to convince others that there is far too much at stake        for a serious rift to continue. You certainly in need of all the support        and guidance you can muster to decide which course of action to take concerning        a career or professional matter. In addition, Jupiter in Leo signifies        movement, upheaval, expansion and the ability to paint on the broadest        possible canvas in life. Anyone who might be expecting you to settle for        second best or play a subservient role is in for a rude awakening."
  
                  Patric's particular genius in astrology was to always see the way through        the mire, and to have you come out the winner in every situation. Working        with astrology, this is not so easy, because an astrologer can see the        countless pitfalls that surround us. But what is the use of seeing them,        if not to deal with them or avoid them? To do all the calculation and see        the way into the clear is the mark of a talented, humane and most of all        hard-working astrologer.
                  
                  He also wrote a column for 
Mirabella, one of the more intelligent women's        magazines to appear in the United States. I'll present this without comment,        except to say if you write like this, you had better be a darned good astrologer.        For Capricorn, in October 1993:
                  
"Challenging aspects to Saturn, your ruler, and to both Uranus and Neptune,        passing through your birth sign, signify how important it is to feel comfortable        with yourself. What took place at the end of September should have made        you aware that freedom from doubt and fear is more precious than recognition        and status symbols. If you are typical of your sign then you are bound        to be concerned about your earning capacity and investments. But on no        account should you try to change horses in midstream this October. What        transpires around the 18th will give you the perfect opportunity to prove        your worth and, above all, to realize that it is a mistake to look too        far ahead. Only one look through the door of destiny can be handled at        a time." ++
  
                  
Here's a page on some of the great astrology columnists of years past,        with the surprising revelation that Dane Rudhyar was America's first Sun        sign columnist: http://snipurl.com/hd4q
                  
                  CREDITS: Managing Editor: Priya Kale. Webmaster: Anatoly Ryzhenko. Proofreader and Fact checker: Sara Churchville. Horoscope Editor: Jessica Keet.